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Остров сокровищ. Роберт Льюис Стивенсон
 Остров сокровищ (англ. Treasure Island)
— роман шотландского писателя Роберта Стивенсона о
приключениях, связанных с поиском сокровищ, спрятанных
пиратом Флинтом на необитаемом острове. Впервые опубликован
в 1883 г., до этого в период 1881г. — 1882г. выходил сериями
в детском журнале Young Folks.
Сюжет
Роман состоит из 34 глав, разбитых на 6 частей.
Повествование ведётся от лица главного героя, сына
владельцев трактира — юного Джима Хокинса (за исключением
глав 16-18, где рассказчиком выступает доктор Ливси).
События романа происходят примерно в середине XVIII-го века.
Начинаются они на юго-западе Англии, в небольшом прибрежном
трактире «Адмирал Бенбоу».
Однажды в трактире появился новый постоялец — бывший моряк,
которого зовут Билли Бонс. К нему начинают приходить
странные гости. Первый, тоже моряк, по кличке «Чёрный пёс»,
что-то хотел от Билли, они повздорили и дело закончилось
поножовщиной и ранением. Билли посещает страшный нищий
слепой, который передал ему чёрную метку — грозное пиратское
предупреждение вожакам, которые нарушают интересы команды.
Билли, получив метку, решает поспешно покинуть насиженное
место, но внезапно умирает от апоплексического удара. Джим и
его мать, которым Билли задолжал денег за постой, обыскивают
мёртвого моряка и его вещи. На дне его сундука они
обнаруживают деньги и пакет бумаг. Из этих бумаг становится
ясно, что Бонс был первым штурманом на корабле известного
пирата Флинта и владел картой того места, где хранятся его
знаменитые сокровища.
 Джим едва успел забрать бумаги Флинта из под носа слепого
Пью и его головорезов, которые нападают на трактир «Адмирал
Бенбоу» с целью завладеть картой. Бонс, Чёрный Пёс, слепой
Пью и остальные — все они бывшие члены команды «Моржа»,
пиратского судна капитана Флинта. Внезапно на помощь Джиму и
его матери приходит отряд королевских таможенников. Слепой
Пью трагически погибает, а остальные пираты спешно спасаются
бегством — их успешный отход прикрывает команда пиратского
люггера, на котором находятся их сообщники.
Джим передаёт документы и карту доктору Ливси и сквайру
Трелони. Состоятельный Трелони начинает подготовку
экспедиции и поручает дельцу Блендли снарядить для
экспедиции подходящее судно — шхуну «Испаньола».
Капитан «Испаньолы» Смоллетт выражает большие сомнения в
надёжности команды, а в особенности не доверяет своему
помощнику — штурману Эрроу, но уступает уговорам доктора
Ливси и снисходительности Трелони. «Испаньола» отправляется
из Бристоля к Острову сокровищ. В пути Джиму удаётся
подслушать тайный разговор матроса Дика, боцманмата Израэля
Хендса и кока, одноногого Джона Сильвера, по прозвищу Окорок
(англ. Beacon), он же Долговязый Джон. Оказывается, что
экипаж, который нанял Трелони, большей частью состоит из
бывшей команды Флинта, и Сильвер — глава заговора, цель
которого — захватить сокровища…
 Treasure
Island is an adventure novel by Scottish author Robert Louis
Stevenson, narrating a tale of "pirates and buried gold".
First published as a book on 23rd May 1883, it was
originally serialized in the children's magazine Young Folks
between 1881–82 under the title Treasure Island; or, the
mutiny of the Hispaniola and the pseudonym Captain George
North.
Traditionally considered a coming-of-age story, it is an
adventure tale known for its atmosphere, character and
action, and also a wry commentary on the ambiguity of
morality—as seen in Long John Silver—unusual for children's
literature then and now. It is one of the most frequently
dramatized of all novels. The influence of Treasure Island
on popular perception of pirates is vast, including treasure
maps with an "X", schooners, the Black Spot, tropical
islands, and one-legged seamen with parrots on their
shoulders.
Plot summary
 The
novel is divided into 6 parts and 34 chapters: Jim Hawkins
is the narrator of all these except for chapters 16-18 which
are narrated by Doctor Livesey.
The novel opens in a seaside village in south-west England
in the mid-18th century. The narrator, Jim Hawkins, is the
young son of the owners of the Admiral Benbow Inn. An old
drunken seaman named Billy Bones becomes a long-term lodger
at the inn, only paying for about the first week of his stay.
Jim quickly realizes that Bones is in hiding, and that he
particularly dreads meeting an unidentified seafaring man
with one leg. Some months later, Bones is visited by a
mysterious sailor named Black Dog. Their meeting turns
violent, Black Dog flees, and Bones suffers a stroke. While
Jim cares for him, Bones confesses that he was once the mate
of the late notorious pirate, Captain Flint, and that his
old crewmates want Bones's sea chest. Some time later,
another of Bones's crewmates, a blind man named Pew, appears
at the inn and forces Jim to lead him to Bones. Pew gives
Bones a paper. After Pew leaves, Bones opens the paper to
discover the Black Spot, a pirates' summons, with the
warning that he has until ten o'clock, and he drops dead of
apoplexy (in this context, a stroke) on the spot. Jim and
his mother open Bones' sea chest to collect the amount due
for Bones's room and board, but before they can count out
the money that they are due, they hear pirates approaching
the inn and are forced to flee and hide, Jim taking with him
a mysterious oilskin packet from the chest. The pirates, led
by Pew, find the sea chest and the money, but are frustrated
that the chest does not contain "Flint's fist." Revenue
agents approach and the pirates escape to their vessel (except
for Pew, who is accidentally run down and killed by the
agents' horses). Stevenson, R.L. p 34: "...{Pew} made
another dash, now utterly bewildered, right under the
nearest of the coming horses. The rider tried to save him,
but in vain. Down went Pew with a cry that rang high into
the night; and the four hoofs trampled and spurned him and
passed by. He fell on his side, then gently collapsed upon
his face, and moved no more."
Jim takes the mysterious oilskin packet to Dr. Livesey, as
he is a "gentleman and a magistrate", and he, Squire
Trelawney and Jim Hawkins together examine it, finding a
logbook detailing the treasure looted during Captain Flint's
career, and a detailed map of an island, with the location
of Flint's treasure caches marked on it. Squire Trelawney
immediately plans to outfit a sailing vessel to hunt the
treasure down, with the help of Dr. Livesey and Jim. Livesey
warns Trelawney to be silent about their objective. Going to
Bristol, Trelawney buys a schooner named the "Hispaniola",
hires a Captain Smollett to command her, and retains Long
John Silver, owner of "The Spy-Glass" tavern and a former
sea cook, to run the galley. Silver helps Trelawney to hire
the rest of his crew. When Jim comes to Bristol and visits
Silver at the Spy Glass tavern, his suspicions are
immediately aroused: Silver is missing a leg, like the man
Bones warned about, and Black Dog is sitting in the tavern.
Black Dog runs away at the sight of Jim, and Silver denies
all knowledge of the fugitive so convincingly that he wins
Jim's trust. Despite Captain Smollett's misgivings about the
mission and Silver's hand-picked crew, the Hispaniola sets
sail for the Caribbean.
As they near their destination, Jim crawls into the ship's
apple barrel to get some apples. While inside, he overhears
Silver talking secretly with some of the other crewmen.
Silver admits that he was Captain Flint's quartermaster and
that several of the other crew were also once Flint's men,
and he is recruiting more men from the crew to his own side.
After Flint's treasure is recovered, Silver intends to
murder the Hispaniola's officers, and keep the loot for
himself and his men. When the pirates have gone back to
their berths, Jim warns Smollett, Trelawney, and Livesey of
the impending mutiny. When they reach Treasure Island, the
bulk of Silver's men go ashore immediately. Although Jim is
not yet aware of this, Silver's men have given him the Black
Spot and demanded to seize the treasure immediately,
discarding Silver's own more careful plan to postpone any
open mutiny or violence until after the treasure is safely
aboard. Jim lands with Silver's men, but runs away from them
almost as soon as he is ashore. Hiding in the woods, Jim
sees Silver murder Tom, a crewman loyal to Smollett. Running
for his life, he encounters Ben Gunn, another ex-crewman of
Flint's who has been marooned three years on the island, but
who treats Jim kindly.
 In the meanwhile, Trelawney, Livesey, and their men surprise
and overpower the few pirates left aboard the Hispaniola.
They row to shore and move into an abandoned, fortified
stockade on the island, where they are soon joined by Jim
Hawkins, who has left Ben Gunn behind. Silver approaches
under a flag of truce and tries to negotiate Smollett's
surrender; Smollett rebuffs him utterly, and Silver flies
into a rage, promising to attack the stockade. "Them that
die'll be the lucky ones," he threatens as he storms off.
The pirates assault the stockade, but in a furious battle
with losses on both sides, they are worsted and driven off.
During the night, Jim sneaks out of the stockade, takes Ben
Gunn's coracle and approaches the Hispaniola under cover of
darkness. He cuts the ship's anchor cable, setting her
adrift and out of reach of the pirates on shore. After
daybreak, he manages to approach the schooner again and
board her. Of the two pirates left aboard, only one is still
alive: the coxswain, Israel Hands, who has murdered his
comrade in a drunken brawl, and been badly wounded in the
process himself. Hands agrees to help Jim helm the ship to a
safe beach in exchange for medical treatment and brandy, but
once the ship is approaching the beach, Hands tries to
murder Jim. Jim escapes him by climbing the rigging, and
when Hands tries to skewer him with a thrown dirk, Jim
reflexively shoots Hands dead. Having beached the Hispaniola
securely, Jim returns to the stockade under cover of night
and sneaks back inside. Because of the darkness, he does not
realize until too late that the stockade is now occupied by
the pirates, and he is easily captured. Silver, whose
always-shaky command has become more tenuous than ever,
seizes on Jim as a hostage, refusing his men's demands to
kill him or torture him for information. Silver's rivals in
the pirate crew, led by George Merry, again give Silver the
Black Spot and move to depose him as captain. Silver answers
his opponents eloquently, rebuking them for defacing a page
from the Bible to create the Black Spot and reveals that he
has obtained the map to the treasure from Dr. Livesey, thus
restoring the crew's confidence in him. The following day,
the pirates search for the treasure. They are shadowed by
Ben Gunn, who makes ghostly sounds to dissuade them from
continuing, but Silver forges ahead and locates the place
where Flint's treasure was buried. The pirates discover that
the cache has been rifled and all of the treasure is gone.
The enraged pirates turn on Silver and Jim, but Ben Gunn, Dr.
Livesey and Abraham Gray attack the pirates by surprise,
killing two and dispersing the rest. Silver surrenders to Dr.
Livesey, promising to return to his duty. They go to Ben
Gunn's cave home, where Gunn has had the treasure hidden for
some months. The treasure is divided amongst Trelawney and
his loyal men, including Jim and Ben Gunn, and they return
to England, leaving the surviving pirates marooned on the
island. Silver escapes with the help of the fearful Ben Gunn
and a small part of the treasure 3/400 Guinea (British coin)
{3/400 {GBP}. Remembering Silver, Jim reflects that "I dare
say he met his old Negress [wife], and perhaps still lives
in comfort with her and Captain Flint [his parrot]. It is to
be hoped so, I suppose, for his chances of comfort in
another world are very small."
Captain Flint backstory
Treasure Island contains numerous
references to fictional past events, gradually revealed
throughout the story and yielding a backstory that sheds
light upon the events of the main plot.
The bulk of this backstory concerns the pirate Captain J.
Flint, "the bloodthirstiest buccaneer that ever lived", who
never appears, being dead before the main story opens. Flint
was captain of the Walrus, with a long career, operating
chiefly in the West Indies and the coasts of the southern
American colonies. His crew included the following
characters who also appear in the main story: Flint's first
mate, William (Billy) Bones; his quartermaster John Silver;
his gunner Israel Hands; and among his other sailors: George
Merry, Tom Morgan, Pew, "Black Dog" and Allardyce (who
becomes Flint's "pointer" toward the treasure). Many other
former members of Flint's crew were on the cruise of the
Hispaniola, though it is not always possible to identify
which were Flint's men and which later agreed to join the
mutiny—-such as the boatswain Job Anderson and a mutineer "John",
killed at the rifled treasure cache. Flint and his crew were
successful, ruthless, feared ("the roughest crew afloat"),
and rich, if they could keep their hands on the money they
stole. The bulk of the treasure Flint made by his piracy—-£700,000
worth of gold, silver bars and a cache of armaments—-was,
however, buried on a remote Caribbean island. Flint brought
the treasure ashore from the Walrus with six of his sailors,
also building a stockade on the island for defence. When
they had buried it, Flint returned to the Walrus alone-—having
murdered all of the other six. A map to the location of the
treasure he kept to himself until his dying moments. The
whereabouts of Flint and his crew are obscure immediately
thereafter, but they ended up in the town of Savannah,
Province of Georgia. Flint was then ill, and his sickness
was not helped by his immoderate consumption of rum. On his
sickbed, he sang the sea shanty "Fifteen Men" and
ceaselessly called for more rum, with his face turning blue.
His last living words were "Darby M'Graw! Darby M'Graw!",
and then, following some profanity, "Fetch aft the rum,
Darby!". Just before he died, he passed on the treasure map
to the mate of the Walrus, Billy Bones (or so Bones always
maintained). After Flint's death, the crew split up, most of
them returning to England. They disposed of their shares of
the unburied treasure diversely. John Silver held on to
£2,000, putting it away safe in banks, and became a
waterfront tavern keeper in Bristol, England. Pew spent
£1,200 in a single year and for the next two years
afterwards, begged and starved. Ben Gunn returned to the
treasure island to try to find the treasure without the map,
and as efforts to find it immediately failed, his crew mates
marooned him on the island and left. Bones, knowing himself
to be a marked man for his possession of the map (as soon as
the other members of Flint's crew should desire to recover
the treasure), looked for refuge in a remote part of England.
His travels took him to the rural West Country seaside
village of Black Hill Cove and the inn of the 'Admiral
Benbow'.
 Other
characters
- Mr. and Mrs. Hawkins: The parents of Jim Hawkins. Mr. Hawkins dies shortly
after the beginning of the story.
- Allardyce: Him and five members of Flint's Crew-who after burying the treasure
and silver and build the blockhouse On treasure Island-are all killed by Flint.
His body is lined up as a compass marker to the cache by Flint
- Black Dog: Formerly a member of Flint's pirate crew, later one of Pew's
companions, who visits the Spyglass Inn. Spotted by Jim and chased by two of
Silver's men, but disappeared from sight.
- Tom Redruth: The gamekeeper of Squire Trelawney, he accompanies him to the
island, but ends up being shot and killed by the mutineers during the attack on
the stockade.
- Richard Joyce: One of the manservants of Squire Trelawney, he accompanies him
to the island, but is later shot through the head and killed by a mutineer at
the attack on the stockade.
- John Hunter: the other manservant of Squire Trelawney, he also accompanies him
to the island, but is later knocked unconscious at the attack on the stockade.
He then dies of his injuries while unconscious.
- Abraham Gray: A ship's carpenter on the "Hispaniola." He is almost incited to
mutiny, but later defects to the other side when asked to do so by Captain
Smollett. He saves Hawkins's life by killing Job Anderson at the attack on the
stockade, and he helps shoot the mutineers at the rifled treasure cache. He
later escapes the island along with Jim Hawkins, Dr. Livesey, Squire Trelawney,
Captain Smollett, Long John Silver and Ben Gunn. He spends his part of the
treasure on his education, marries, and then becomes part owner of a full-rigged
ship.
- George Merry: With Anderson and Hands forced Silver to attack the blockhouse
instead of waiting for the treasure to be found. Later killed at the empty cache
just before he is going to kill both Silver and Hawkins
- Tom Morgan: An ex-pirate from Flint's old crew; he ends up being marooned on
the island.
- Job Anderson: The ship's boatswain and one of the leaders of the mutiny who is
killed while trying to storm the blockhouse; possibly one of Flint's old pirate
hands (though this is never stated).
- John: A mutineer who is injured while trying to storm the boathouse; he is
later shown with a bandaged head, and ends up being killed at the rifled
treasure cache; possibly one of Flint's old pirate hands (though this is never
stated).
- O'Brien: A mutineer who survives the attack on the boathouse and escapes, but
is later killed by Israel Hands in a drunken fight on the Hispaniola; possibly
one of Flint's old pirate hands (though this is never stated).
- Dick: A mutineer who has a Bible. The pirates later use one of its pages to
make a Black Spot. Mortally ill with malaria Dick later ends up being marooned
on the island after the deaths of George Merry and John.
- Mr. Arrow: The first mate of the Hispaniola. He drinks alcohol despite a rule
about no alcohol on board and is useless as a first mate. He mysteriously
disappears before they get to the island and his position is filled by Job
Anderson. {Silver had secretly given him access to drink too much alcohol until
he falls overboard on a stormy night}.
- Tom: An honest sailor. He starts to walk away from Silver, who throws his
crutch at him, breaking Tom's back. Silver then kills Tom by stabbing him twice
in the back.
- Alan: A sailor who does not defect to mutiny. He is killed by the mutineers
for his loyalty and his dying scream is heard by several of the others.
- Israel Hands: The ship's coxswain and Flint's old gunner. Killed on Hispaniola
by Jim.
- Ben Gunn: A former member of Flint's crew who is half insane after being
marooned for three years on Treasure Island, after convincing another ship he
was on to look for Flint's treasure. Helps Jim by giving him a location of his
homemade boat and kills two of the mutineers. After Dr Livesey gives him what he
most craves (cheese), Gunn reveals that he has found the treasure. In Spanish
America he lets Silver escape and in England spends his share of the treasure
(1,000 GBP) in 18 days, and becomes a beggar – until he becomes keeper at a
lodge and a church singer.
Additionally, there are minor characters, whose names are not revealed. Some
of those are the four pirates who were killed at the attack on the stockade
along with Job Anderson, the pirate who was killed by the honest men minus Jim
Hawkins before the attack on the stockade, the pirate who was shot by Squire
Trelawney (who was aiming at Israel Hands) and later died of his injuries, and
the pirate who was marooned on the island along with Tom Morgan and Dick.
BeEnglish.
Москва. Метро Шоссе Энтузиастов. Курсы разговорного
английского языка. Хотите заговорить по-английски, не вникая
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